The Probability-distributed Principle and Runoff Production at Point and Basin Scales*
نویسنده
چکیده
The probability-distributed principle in basin-scale hydrology considers the frequency of occurrence of hydrological variables (model inputs, parameters or elements) of certain magnitudes over the basin without regard to the location of a particular occurrence within the basin. The random assemblage of different parts is considered more important than the relation of the parts, one to another. Rainfall-runoff models based on probability-distributed infiltration capacity and storage capacity concepts, and which generate runoff according to Hortonian and saturation overland flow mechanisms respectively, are distinguished. Two types of probability-distributed storage capacity model are identified, one based on an assumption that storage elements at points in the basin respond independently of their neighbours, and the other where storage elements interact so as to equalize the depth of stored water over the basin. Allowing redistribution of water leads to simplification of the model equations. The probability-distributed principle is also used to represent the process of water translation through the basin. Interpretation of the instantaneous unit hydrograph as a probability density function of translation time is demonstrated and the inverse Gaussian density proposed as a suitable functional form on physical grounds. Le principe de la distribution des probabilités et la production d'écoulement en un point et à 1'échelle d'un bassin RESUME Le principe de la distribution des probabilités dans l'hydrologie à l'échelle d'un bassin considère la fréquence de l'occurrence des variables hydrologiques (telles que les entrées dans un modèle, les paramètres ou éléments) de grandeurs données sur toute l'étendue du bassin sans regarder l'endroit où a pu être observée une occurrence particulière à l'intérieur des limites du bassin. L'assemblage au hasard des différentes parties est considéré comme plus important que le rapport de chaque partie, l'une avec l'autre. On souligne 273 274 R.J. Moore l'importance des modèles précipitation-débit basée sur les capacités de l'infiltration distribuées suivant une loi de probabilité donnée et les concepts de capacité d'emmagasinement, et qui produisent l'écoulement conformément aux mécanismes de ruissellement décrits par Horton et de ruissellement de surface lors de la saturation. On identifie deux types de modèle de la capacité d'emmagasinement distribuée suivant une probabilité donnée-un modèle est basé sur l'hypothèse que les éléments de mise en réserve aux divers points du bassin donnent une réponse indépendamment de leurs voisins, et l'autre modèle présente des éléments d'emmagasinement qui réagissent l'un sur l'autre afin d'équilibrer la hauteur de l'eau emmagasinée sur toute l'étendue du bassin. Grâce à la redistribution de …
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